Several different types of milling machines are available for a variety of machining applications. In addition to being classified based solely on machine configuration or number of axes of motion, milling machines can also be classified according to their specific characteristics. Some of the most common types of milling machines include:

• Knee type
• Ram type
• Bed type (or manufacturing type)
• Planing

Knee type

Knee-type milling machines use a fixed spindle and a vertically adjustable table that rests on a saddle supported by the knee. Depending on the position of the machine, the knee can be lowered and raised on the column. Some examples of knee mills include floor-standing and table-top horizontal mills.

Ram type

Ram-type milling machines employ a movable housing (ie, RAM) spindle that is fixed to a column, which allows the machine to move along the XY axis. The two most common types of vertical milling machines include floor-standing general purpose horizontal and rotary cutter head milling machines.

Bed type

Bed-type milling machines use a table that is fixed directly on the machine to prevent the workpiece from moving along the Y and Z axes. The workpiece is located under the cutting tool, which, depending on the machine, can move along the XYZ axes. Some of the bed-type milling machines available include single-sided, double-sided and triple-sided milling machines. Single-sided machines use a single spindle that moves along the X or Y axis, while double-sided machines use two spindles, and triple-sided machines use three spindles (two horizontal and one vertical) to machine along the XY and XYZ axes, respectively.

Planer milling machine

Planer mills are similar to bed mills in that they have tables that are fixed along the Y and Z axes and a spindle that can move along the XYZ axes. However, planers can simultaneously support multiple machines (usually up to four), reducing lead times for complex parts.

Some of the special types of milling machines that are available include rotary table, drum and planetary milling machines. Rotary table milling machines have a circular table that rotates around a vertical axis and uses machines located at different heights for roughing and finishing. A drum milling machine is similar to a rotary table machine, except that the table is called a "drum" and it rotates around a horizontal axis. In a planetary machine, the table is fixed and the workpiece is cylindrical. A rotating machine moves across the workpiece surface, cutting both internal and external features such as threads.

Processing material

The CNC milling process is best used as a secondary machining process to provide finishing capabilities for custom-designed parts, but can also be used to produce custom-designed and specialty parts from start to finish. CNC milling technology allows the process to machine parts in a variety of materials, including:

• Metals (including alloys, special metals, heavy metals, etc.)
• Plastics (including thermosets and thermoplastics)
• Elastomers
• Composites
• Wood

As with all machining processes, when selecting materials for milling applications, several factors must be considered, such as the properties of the material (i.e. hardness, tensile and shear strength, and chemical and high temperature resistance) and the cost-effectiveness of the material . processing material. These criteria determine, respectively, whether the material is suitable for the milling process and the budgetary constraints of the milling application. The material chosen determines the type of machine used and its design, as well as the optimal machine settings including cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut.

Conclusion

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