CNC machine tools are generally composed of a CNC system, servo system including servo motor and detection feedback device, main drive system, strong current control cabinet, machine tool body, and various auxiliary springs. The basic working process of NC machining can be indicated by adding the dotted line. The components of CNC machine tools with different functions are slightly different.

Numerical control system

It is the core of automatic machining. It is mainly composed of the operating system, main control system, programmable controller, various output interfaces, etc. The operating system is composed of a display and a control keyboard. The display has many forms, such as a digital tube, CRT, LCD, etc. The main control system is similar to the computer motherboard, which is mainly composed of a CPU, memory, controller, etc. The numerical control system controls the position, angle, speed, and other mechanical quantities of general objects, as well as physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and flow.

Its control mode can be divided into two categories: data operation and processing control and sequential logic control. The interpolation operation module in the main controller is to perform the corresponding tool path interpolation operation after decoding, compiling, and other information processing according to the read part program, and control the displacement of each coordinate axis of the machine tool by comparing with the position and speed feedback signals of each coordinate servo system; The sequential logic control is usually completed by the programmable controller PLC. It coordinates according to the requirements of each action in the machining process of the machine tool and makes logical discrimination according to each detection signal, to control each part of the machine tool to work orderly.

Servo system

It is the electric transmission link between the CNC system and the machine tool body. It is mainly composed of a servo motor, drive control system, and position detection feedback device. The servo motor is the executive component of the system, and the drive control system is the power source of the servo motor. The command signal generated by the CNC system is compared with the position detection feedback signal as the displacement command, and then the drive control system amplifies the power string to drive the motor to run, to drive the workbench or tool rest to move through the mechanical transmission device.

Servo system is an important part of the CNC machine tool, which is used to realize the feed servo control and spindle servo control of the CNC machine tool. The function of the servo system is to convert the received command information from the numerical control device into the linear displacement or angular displacement of the machine tool's executive parts after power amplification and shaping. As the servo system is the last link of the NC machine tool, its performance will directly affect the accuracy, speed, and other technical indicators of the NC machine tool. Therefore, for the servo drive device of the NC machine tool, it is required to have good rapid response performance, accurately and sensitively track the digital command signals sent by the NC device, faithfully execute the commands from the NC device, and improve the dynamic follow-up characteristics and static tracking accuracy of the system.

The servo system consists of two parts: the driving device and the actuator. The drive device is composed of a spindle drive unit, a feed drive unit, a spindle servo motor, and a feed servo motor. Stepper motor, DC servo motor, and AC servo motor are common driving devices.

The measuring element detects the actual displacement value of each coordinate axis of the NC machine tool and inputs it into the NC device of the machine tool through the feedback system. The NC device compares the actual displacement value fed back with the command value and outputs the displacement command required to reach the set value to the servo system.

Processing program carrier

When the CNC machine tool is working, workers are not required to operate the machine tool directly. To control the CNC machine tool, the processing program must be prepared. The part processing program includes the relative motion path of the tool and workpiece on the machine tool, process parameters (feed rate, spindle speed, etc.), and auxiliary motion. The part processing program is stored on a program carrier, such as perforated paper tape, cassette tape, floppy disk, etc., and the program information is input to the CNC unit through the input device of the CNC machine tool.

Make a purchase of cnc lathe near me, slant bed cnc lathe machine, 2 axis cnc lathe from China, you can get them at a good price if you have a large quantity. We hope to be your long-term partner.